Definition of ICT

ICT is a technology required for information processing, in particular the use of computer, communication devices and software application to convert, store,  protect, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere at anytime.

Information and communications technology (ICT)

Information and communications technology or information and communication technology,[1] usually called ICT, is often used as a synonym for information technology (IT) but is usually a more general term that stresses the role of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) in modern information technology. ICT consists of all technical means used to handle information and aid communication, including both computer and network hardware as well as necessary software. In other words, ICT consists of IT as well as telephony, broadcast media, and all types of audio and video processing and transmission.[2] The expression was first used in 1997[3] in a report by Dennis Stevenson to the UK government[4] and promoted by the new National Curriculum documents for the UK in 2000. ICT is often used in the context of "ICT roadmap" to indicate the path that an organization will take with their ICT needs.[5][6] The term ICT is now also used to refer to the merging (convergence) of telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the telephone network with the computer network system. See VOIP. This in turn has spurred the growth of organizations with the term ICT in their names to indicate their specialization in the process of merging the two network systems.

foto generasi komputer........................................

generasi pertama = Vacum tubes, generasi kedua = Transistor, generasi ketiga= Intergrated cercuit, generasi keempat= Microprosessor.

Evolusi komputer selepas tahun 1940 boleh dikelaskan kepada lima generasi. Angka dalam kurungan menandakan tarikh anggaran.

Generasi Pertama (1940 - 1959) Vacum Tube
Generasi Kedua (1959 -1964) Transistor
Generasi Ketiga (1964 - awal 80-an)IC Intergrated Cercuit
Generasi Keempat (awal 80-an - ?) Microprosessor
Generasi Kelima (masa depan) artificial intelligence

Usage of ICT in Daily Life

EDUCATION

Today, most schools and higher 
educational institutions have computers
in the classroom for teacher and students.
In education, teachers, students,
researchers and school administrators
benefits from the usage of ICT.

BANKING

The computer is the nerve centre
of the banking system around the world.
It functions to control the entire banking
system that also includes 'Electronic Banking Services'.

Electronic banking provides 24 hour services.
The services include :

• Automated Teller Machine (ATM)
• Cheque Deposit
• Electronic Fund Tranfer
• Direct Deposit
• Pay by phone system
• Personal computer banking/
  internet banking


In the banking sector, customers,
businessman and bank administrator 
benefits from the usage of ICT.

INDUSTRY

Computers are used to facilitate
production planning and control
systems, to support chain management
and to help in product design in the
industrial sector.In the industrial
sector ,workers, researchers and 
administrator benefits from the usage of ICT.

E-COMMERCE

E-commerce helps in boosting the economy. 
It makes buying and selling activities
easier, more efficient and faster. 
For this application, computers, 
Internet and shared software are needed.

In the e-commerce sector ,customers r,
suppliers and employees benefits
from the usage of ICT.

                    First Generation Computers (1940-1956)

During the first generation,computers were with vacuum tubes.
Vacuum tube is an electronic tube is made of glass used as
 computer component to store and process data.
The problems of vacuum tube are generates lots
 of heat that can damage computer and tubes
 can burnt out frequently.ENIAC is first generation
 computer that contains weights of 30 tons,18000
 vacuum tubes,30-50 foot space and 16000 watts
 of power.Advantages of computers in this era :
The using of vacuum tubes that can store and process data

                 Second Generation of Computer (1956-1963) 

The invention of Transistors marked the start of the second generation.These transistors took place of the vacuum tubes used in the first generation computers. Second generation computers also started showing the characteristics of modern day computers with utilities such as printers,disk storage and operating systems. In Second Generation computers, the instruction

could be stored inside the computer's memory.

 High-level languages such as COBOL

 (Common Business-Oriented Language) 

and FORTRAN (Formula Translator) were

 used, and they are still used for some applications nowdays.

          Third Generation of Computer (1964-1971)

 

In third generation, the operating systems allowerd

 the machine to run many different application.

 These applications were monitored and cooordinated

 by the computer's memory. In third generation also,

 the Integrated Circuit(IC) was invented in 1958 by

 Jack Kilby is combined with electronic components

 onto a small silicon disc, made from quartz.

 more advancement made possible the fitings

 of even more components on a small chip or semi conductor.

              Fourth Generation of Computer (1971-present) 

Fourth Generation of computers are the modern day computers. 

The siz started to go down with the improvement in the integrated circuits.

 Very Large Scale(VLSI) and Ultra Large Scale(ULSI)

 ensured that millions of components could be fit into a small chip.

 It reduced the size and price of the computers at the same time

 increasing power, efficiency and reliability. "the intel 4004 chi[,

 developed in 1971, took integrated circuit one step further by

 locating all the components of a computer (central processing

 unit, memory,and input and output controls) on a minuscule chip."

The continued improvement allowed the networking of

 computers for the sharing of data. Local Area Networks(LAN)

 and Wide Area Network(WAN), were potential benefits,

 in that they could be implemented in corporations and 

everybody could share data over it. Soon the internet 

and World Wide Web appeared on the computer scene

 and formented the Hi-Tech revolution of 90's. 

Fifth Generation of Computer (present and  beyond)

Fifth generations computers are only in the minds
 of advance research scientiets and being tested out in
 the laboratories.
 These computers will be under Artifical Intelligence(AI), 
They will be able to take commands in a audio visual way and 
carry out instructions. Many of the operations which requires
 low human intelligence will be perfomed by these computers.

Parallel Processing is coming and showing the possibiliy that
 the power of many CPU's can be used side by side, and
 computers will be more powerful than thoes under central
 processing. Advances in Super Conductor technology will
 greatly improve the speed of information traffic. 
Future looks bright for the computers. 

                                      
                                                                    


                

THE IMPACT OF ICT ON SOCIETY

THE IMPACT OF ICT ON SOCIETY

FASTER COMMUNICATION SPEED

  In the past, it took a long time for any news or messages

 to be send. Now with the

 Internet, news or messages are sent via e-mail to 

friends, business partners or to anyone efficiently.

 With the capability

 of bandwidth, broadband and connection speed on

 the Internet, 

any information can travel fast and at an instant. It saves

 time and is inexpensive.

LOWER COMMUNICATION COST

  Using the Internet is cost-effective than the other modes 
of communication such as telephone, mailing or courier service.
 It allows people to have access to large amounts of data at 
a very low cost. With the Internet we do not have to pay for any 
basic services provided by the Internet. Furthermore, the cost
 of connection to the Internet is relatively cheap.

RELIABLE MODE OF COMMUNICATION

  Computers are reliable. With the internet, information could

 be accessed and retrieved from anywhere and at anytime. This makes

 it a reliable mode of communication. However, the input to the 

computer is contributed by humans. If the data passed to

 the computer is faulty, the result will be faulty as well. 

This is related to the term GIGO.

GIGO is a short form for Garbage In Garbage Out. It
 refers to the quality of output produced according to
 the input. Normally bad input produces bad output.

EFFECTIVE SHARING OF INFORMATION

  With the advancement of ICT, information can be shared 
by people all around the world. People can share and exchange
 opinions, news and information through discussion groups, 
mailing list and forums on the Internet. This enable 
knowledge sharing which will contribute to the development 
of knowledge based society.

PAPERLESS ENVIRONMENT

  ICT technology has created the term paperless environment. 
This term means information can be stored and retrieved through
 the digital medium instead of paper. Online communication via
 emails, online chat and instant messaging also helps in 
creating the paperless environment.

BORDERLESS COMMUNICATION

  Internet offers fast information retrieval, interactivity, accessibility
 and versatility. It has become a borderless sources for 
services and information. Through the Internet, information
 and communication can be borderless.

SOCIAL PROBLEMS

  There are some negative effects of ICT. It has created social 
problems in the society. Nowadays, people tend to choose online
 communication rather than having real time conversations.
 People tend to become more individualistic and introvert.

Another negative effect of ICT is :

• fraud

• identity theft

• Pornography

• Hacking

This will result a moral decedent and generate threads to the society.

HEALTH PROBLEMS

    A computer may harm users if they use it for long hours frequently.
 Computer users are also exposed to bad posture, eyestrain,
 physical and mental stress. In order to solve the health problems,
 an ergonomic environment can be introduced. For example, 
an ergonomic chair can reduces back strain and a screen filter is 
used to minimize eye strain

2.0-COMPUTER ETHICS AND LEGAL ISSUE

DIFINATION:

1.Computer Ethics:
       -is a system of moral standard used as a guideline
         for computer users.

2.Code of Ethics:
       -is guidelines in ICT that help to determine whether
        a specific computer action is ethical or unethical.

3.Intelectual Property:
        -is work created by inventors,authors and artist.

4.Privacy.
        -refers to the right of individuals and companies
          to deny or restrict the collection and use of
          information about them.

5.Computer Crime:
        -is any illegal acts involving computers.

6.Cyber Law:
         -is any law relating to protect the internet and other
           online communication technologies.
  

Differentiate-ATHICS and LAW..

Ethics	Law
As guideline to computer user	As a rule to control computer users
Computers users are free to follow or ignore the code of ethics	Computers users must follow the regulation and law
Universal,can be applied anywhere, all over the world	Depend on country and state where the crime is committed
To produce ethical computer users	To prevent misuse of computers
Not following ethics are called immoral	Not obeying laws are called crime

sejarah star putra sabak bernam.......................

Sekolah ini terletak di lot 5269 dan Lot 5298 dalam Mukim Sabak Bernam. Negeri Selangor Darul Ehsan. dengan keluasan 12 ekar. Jarak dari Pekan Sabak Bernam kira-kira 1 Km.  0.75 Km ke selatan Sungai Bernam. 35 Km dari Bandar Teluk Intan Perak. 110 Km dari Bandar Klang. 145 Km dari Ibu Kota Kuala Lumpur .Terletak di tepi Jln Kalabakan iaitu utama Klang-Teluk Intan. Pendidikan aliran Inggeris dan pembinaan sekolah telah bermula pada pertengahan tahun 1951 di atas tanah yang diwakafkan oleh Dato’ Tan Boon Chong, dengan pemilihan pelajar pelopor seramai 63 orang (33 orang murid Melayu dan 30 orang murid Cina). Pada 7 November 1954, Raja Tun Uda (Menteri Besar Selangor) telah merasmikan sekolah Inggeris pertama, diberi nama Sekolah Rendah Inggeris Sabak Bernam. Pada tahun 1955, seramai 33 orang pelajar (gambar kecil) terpilih setelah berjaya dalam peperiksaan masuk ke sekolah menengah dan menjadi pelopor pelajar yang meneruskan pembelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Inggeris. Sekolah Menengah Inggeris Sabak Bernam telah bermula pada awal tahun  1956, namun masih menumpang di bangunan Sekolah Rendah Inggeris dengan ditadbirkan oleh seorang Guru Besar sehingga tahun 1959. Menjelang tahun 1960, pentadbirannya telah dipisahkan dan pelajarnya dipindahkan ke bangunan yang baru iaitu Sekolah Khir Johari (Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Khir Johari kini.    Bermula dengan 33 orang pelajar, sekolah ini telah mengalami evolusi pertambahan pelajar yang ketara. Pada tahun 1960 seramai 247 orang, 1962 seramai 383 orang seterusnya meningkat kepada 727 orang pelajar pada tahun 1968. Pada tahun 1966, para pelajarnya pula berpindah ke bangunan baru dengan nama Sekolah Lanjutan Jalan Feri (kini SMK Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra . Sekolah Inggeris ini telah mengalami evolusi nama dan lencana sekolah seperti di bawah: